Writing assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Writing assignment - Research Paper Example Due to the diverse nature of the country’s power, the president is not able to simply command in order to achieve his goals. Different levels of governments have different motivations and sources of power. Due to this, the president needs to be able to convince others that his goals are what are in their best interest. In politics, it is always common to note that even though the president desires an action to be committed does not mean that it will be done. He has to be able to coheres, negotiate and persuade people to act. The second important ingredient is professional reputation within the country and abroad. Presidential reputation is important as it determines how policy makers and other members in Washington view him. This reputation can be noticed by how the infrastructure of the government relies on him to carry out his duties. If a president has a good reputation, it is easy to smooth out negotiations to implement important policies. The final important ingredient is public prestige. Prestige generally denotes how the president is viewed by the public. Although the public is not directly involved in policy making, it is their view of the president that determines how various policies move throughout various levels of the government. The public’s confidence in the president affects how he is viewed by organizations and how these organizations accept his policies. Apart from these main ingredients, Neustadt also notes that a president should be able to think progressively. This will make sure that he decision he makes at a particular point in time will help him I the future. Applying these ingredients to President Obama, it can be noted that he is indeed a powerful president. The president has been able to pass several important policies and legistlation despite constant opposition from congressional Democrats and Republicans. He has been able to persuade these policies

Cancer Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cancer Treatment - Essay Example Sometimes this can be accomplished by surgery, but the tendency of cancers to invade adjacent tissue or to spread to distant sites by microscopic metastasis often limits its effectiveness. The success of chemotherapy is often limited by toxicity to other tissues in the body. Radiation can also cause damage to normal tissue. Identifying causes of cancer and developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure of it ,form the major objectives of cancer research. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience (bench research) to the performance of clinical trials to guage and correlate applications of the various cancer treatment. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. The attention in clinical cancer research has shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, since the 1990s. The effectiveness of the various different cures and treatments for cancer can be analysed individually. According to the American Cancer Society, surgery is the oldest form of cancer treatment. It also has an important role in diagnosing and finding the extent of cancer. Advances in surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to successfully operate on a growing number of patients. Today, less invasive operations often can be done to remove tumors while saving as much normal tissue and function as possible.Surgery offers the greatest chance for cure for many types of cancer, especially those that have not spread to other parts of the body. Most people with cancer will have some type of surgery. While different types of surgeries are performed in relation to cancer, it is curative surgery that is done to treat cancer primarily. Curative surgery is done when a tumor appears to be confined to one area and it is likely that all of the tumor can be removed. It may be used alone or along w ith chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which can be given before or after the operation. Sometimes radiation therapy is actually used during an operation. This is called intraoperative radiation therapy. The medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control cancer cells is called radiotherapy . Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment.Chemotherapy refers to the use of antineoplastic drugs to treat cancer. Tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy as chemotherapy affects cell-division and also as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time. Malignancies with slower growth rates, such as indolent lymphomas do not respond as well to chemotherapy. According to Wikipedia,hormonal therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment for cancer. Hormonal therapy involves the engineering of the endocrine system